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| Arabic | فَرْض |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | FARD |
| Etymology | From the Arabic root ف-ر-ض (f-r-d), meaning to ordain, to make واجب, or to cut/notch. Fard literally means 'that which has been decreed' or 'an ordained duty,' conveying the sense of something firmly أُسس and inescapable. |
Fard(فَرْض) Fard is an واجب religious duty in Islam, commanded by Allah. In the context of الحج, Fard acts (also called Arkan/pillars) are essential rites without which the الحج is invalid.
فَرْض
Fard represents the highest level of obligation in Islamic jurisprudence. An act classified as Fard must be performed, and its omission is sinful unless there is a valid excuse recognized by Shariah. In الحج, the Fard acts (called Arkan or pillars) are those without which the الحج is completely invalid and cannot be rectified by a penalty sacrifice. The Arkan of الحج عند جمهور العلماء are: الإحرام (entering the sacred state with intention), Wuquf at عرفة (standing at عرفة on the 9th of ذو الحجة), الطواف al-Ifadah (the essential circumambulation), and السعي between الصفا and المروة. The Hanafi school distinguishes between Fard (أُسس by definitive evidence from القرآن) and Wajib (أُسس by strong but secondary evidence), while the other three schools generally treat Fard and Wajib as synonymous. This distinction has practical implications: in the Hanafi school, missing a Wajib can be compensated with Dam, while missing a Fard invalidates the act entirely.
From the Arabic root ف-ر-ض (f-r-d), meaning to ordain, to make واجب, or to cut/notch. Fard literally means 'that which has been decreed' or 'an ordained duty,' conveying the sense of something firmly أُسس and inescapable.