When is a dam (blood sacrifice penalty) required during الحج?

A dam (sacrificial sheep) is واجب in several cases during الحج: (1) For performing الحج Tamattu' or Qiran — a هدي of gratitude. (2) For missing a واجب (واجب act) of الحج, such as: entering الإحرام from beyond the الميقات, leaving عرفة before sunset, missing the overnight stay at مزدلفة or منى, or omitting the farewell الطواف. (3) For committing a prohibited act of الإحرام, such as: shaving the head, cutting nails, wearing perfume, wearing stitched clothes (men), or covering the head (men). The dam consists of slaughtering a sheep that meets the criteria for sacrifice (at least 6 months old for a lamb, one year for a goat). If the الحاج cannot afford it, he fasts 3 days during الحج and 7 after returning home, based on the verse: 'If he cannot find [a sacrifice], then a fast of three days during الحج and seven when you have returned — those are ten complete days' (Al-Baqarah 2:196). الشيخ ابن باز stated: 'Every obligation left without excuse requires a dam' (Fatawa ابن باز, vol. 16).