When is a dam (blood sacrifice penalty) required during Haji?

A dam (sacrificial sheep) is wajib in several cases during Haji: (1) For performing Haji Tamattu' or Qiran — a hadyu of gratitude. (2) For missing a wajib (wajib act) of Haji, such as: entering ihram from beyond the miqat, leaving Arafah before sunset, missing the overnight stay at Muzdalifah or Mina, or omitting the farewell tawaf. (3) For committing a prohibited act of ihram, such as: shaving the head, cutting nails, wearing perfume, wearing stitched clothes (men), or covering the head (men). The dam consists of slaughtering a sheep that meets the criteria for sacrifice (at least 6 months old for a lamb, one year for a goat). If the jamaah haji cannot afford it, he fasts 3 days during Haji and 7 after returning home, based on the verse: 'If he cannot find [a sacrifice], then a fast of three days during Haji and seven when you have returned — those are ten complete days' (Al-Baqarah 2:196). Sheikh Ibn Baz stated: 'Every obligation left without excuse requires a dam' (Fatawa Ibn Baz, vol. 16).