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| Arabic | فَرْض |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | FARD |
| Etymology | From the Arabic root ف-ر-ض (f-r-d), meaning to ordain, to make farz, or to cut/notch. Fard literally means 'that which has been decreed' or 'an ordained duty,' conveying the sense of something firmly established and inescapable. |
Fard(فَرْض) Fard is an farz religious duty in Islam, commanded by Allah. In the context of Hac, Fard acts (also called Arkan/pillars) are essential rites without which the hac ibadeti is invalid.
فَرْض
Fard represents the highest level of obligation in Islamic jurisprudence. An act classified as Fard must be performed, and its omission is sinful unless there is a valid excuse recognized by Shariah. In Hac, the Fard acts (called Arkan or pillars) are those without which the Hac is completely invalid and cannot be rectified by a penalty sacrifice. The Arkan of Hac alimlerin cogunluguna gore are: Ihram (entering the sacred state with intention), Wuquf at Arafat (standing at Arafat on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah), Tavaf al-Ifadah (the essential circumambulation), and Say between Safa and Marwa. The Hanafi school distinguishes between Fard (established by definitive evidence from Kur'an-i Kerim) and Wajib (established by strong but secondary evidence), while the other three schools generally treat Fard and Wajib as synonymous. This distinction has practical implications: in the Hanafi school, missing a Wajib can be compensated with Dam, while missing a Fard invalidates the act entirely.
From the Arabic root ف-ر-ض (f-r-d), meaning to ordain, to make farz, or to cut/notch. Fard literally means 'that which has been decreed' or 'an ordained duty,' conveying the sense of something firmly established and inescapable.