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طريق حجة الوداع
The Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) took place in 10 AH (632 CE). Setting out from Medine with over 100,000 Muslims, Hz. Peygamber entered ihram at Dhul Hulayfah and performed every Hac rite, instructing the ummah: 'Take your rituals from me.' His Farewell Sermon at Arafat addressed human rights, equality, and the completion of Islam.
In Dhul Qi'dah 10 AH, Hz. Peygamber (PBUH) announced his intention to perform Hac. Over 100,000 Muslims joined him from across Arabia. He entered ihram at Dhul Hulayfah, arrived in Mekke, performed tavaf and sa'i, then proceeded to Mina on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah. On the 9th, he stood at Arafat and delivered his Farewell Sermon, addressing the sanctity of life, property, and honor, women's rights, abolition of riba (usury), and racial equality. He performed every rite of Hac methodically, saying 'Take your rituals from me, for I do not know if I will perform Hac again after this year.' He passed away approximately 80 days later.
The Farewell Pilgrimage is the definitive model for all Hac rituals. Hz. Peygamber's instruction 'Take your rituals from me' established every step of Hac as it is performed today. The Farewell Sermon is considered one of the greatest speeches in history, establishing principles of human rights and equality. It was during this Hac that the verse 'Today I have perfected for you your religion' (5:3) was revealed.
The Farewell Pilgrimage route follows the standard Hac route that millions retrace annually: Medine to Dhul Hulayfah (ihram), Mekke (tavaf, sa'i), Mina (8th), Arafat (9th), Muzdelife (night of 10th), Mina (stoning and sacrifice, 10th-13th), and back to Mekke (farewell tavaf). Every Hac haci essentially follows this same route. Understanding the prophetic Hac enriches every step of the modern hac ibadeti. Read about the Farewell Hac before departing to understand the significance of each location.