The conditions for valid proxy Hac are: (1) the proxy must be Muslim, sane, and mature; (2) the proxy must have already performed their own farz Hac; (3) the person on whose behalf Hac is performed must be deceased or permanently unable to perform Hac; (4) the proxy must make the intention specifically for the person at the miqat; (5) the expenses should come from the person's funds or estate.
Proxy Hac (hac al-badal) has specific conditions that must be fulfilled for it to be valid. All four schools agree on the core requirements, with some variation in details. The fundamental conditions are agreed upon by the scholars based on the hadith evidence.
Sheikh Ibn Baz outlined the conditions as follows: First, the proxy must be a Muslim of sound mind and must have reached puberty. Second, the proxy must have already performed their own farz Hac before performing Hac for someone else — this is based on the hadith of Shubrumah. Third, the person on whose behalf Hac is performed must be either deceased or permanently unable to perform Hac due to old age or incurable illness. Temporary illness or temporary financial difficulty does not justify proxy Hac. Fourth, the proxy must make the intention (niyyah) at the miqat specifically on behalf of the other person, saying 'Labbayk on behalf of [name].' Fifth, the proxy performs all the rites exactly as they would for their own Hac.
Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen added that the proxy should be someone known for their religiousness and trustworthiness, as they are performing a sacred act of worship. He also clarified that the proxy earns reward for their good deed, while the full reward of Hac goes to the person on whose behalf it is performed. If the proxy commits a violation during Hac that requires a penalty, they bear the penalty themselves, not the person on whose behalf they are performing Hac.
Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) heard a man saying: 'Labbayk on behalf of Shubrumah.' He said: 'Have you performed Hac for yourself?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Perform Hac for yourself first, then for Shubrumah.'
Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) heard a man saying: 'Labbayk on behalf of Shubrumah.' He said: 'Have you performed Hac for yourself?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Perform Hac for yourself first, then for Shubrumah.'
A woman from Khath'am said: 'O Messenger of Allah, the obligation of Hac has become due on my father, but he is an old man who cannot sit firmly on the riding animal. Shall I perform Hac on his behalf?' He said: 'Yes.'
A woman from Khath'am said: 'O Messenger of Allah, the obligation of Hac has become due on my father, but he is an old man who cannot sit firmly on the riding animal. Shall I perform Hac on his behalf?' He said: 'Yes.'
Scholars from different schools of Islamic jurisprudence offer varying perspectives on this matter.
The proxy must be Muslim, sane, mature, and must have completed their own Hac. The person must be permanently unable or deceased. The Hanafi school also requires that the proxy be appointed by the person themselves (if living) or their heirs.
Al-Hidayah: the conditions of proxy Hac are established by the hadith and scholarly consensus.
The Maliki school permits proxy Hac primarily for the deceased. For the living, it is less encouraged. The proxy must have completed their own Hac.
Al-Mudawwanah: proxy Hac for the deceased is primarily what is established by the hadith evidence.
The proxy must be Muslim, sane, mature, and must have completed their own farz Hac. The Shafi'i school considers it farz to fund proxy Hac from the estate of a deceased who owed it.
Al-Majmu' by al-Nawawi: the conditions are well-established and agreed upon.
The proxy must have completed their own Hac, must be Muslim and sane, and must be specifically appointed. The Hanbali school encourages choosing a proxy from the deceased's hometown.
Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah: the conditions for proxy Hac are drawn from the hadith evidence.
This is a scholarly summary, not a personal fatwa. Consult your scholar for personal rulings.
Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) heard a man saying: 'Labbayk on behalf of Shubrumah.' He said: 'Have you performed Hac for yourself?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Perform Hac for yourself first, then for Shubrumah.'
Sunan Abu Dawud #1811 (sahih)A woman from Khath'am said: 'O Messenger of Allah, the obligation of Hac has become due on my father, but he is an old man who cannot sit firmly on the riding animal. Shall I perform Hac on his behalf?' He said: 'Yes.'
Sahih al-Bukhari #1513 (sahih)