Proxy Hac for a living person is permissible when the person is permanently unable to perform Hac themselves — due to old age, chronic incurable illness, or permanent disability. This is based on the hadith of the woman from Khath'am about her elderly father. If the person recovers unexpectedly, scholars differ: the Maliki school requires them to perform Hac again, while others consider the proxy Hac sufficient.
Proxy Hac for a living person is permissible when the person is permanently unable to perform Hac due to old age, incurable chronic illness, or permanent physical disability that prevents travel and performing the rites. This is directly established by the hadith of the woman from Khath'am who asked Hz. Peygamber about performing Hac for her elderly father who could not sit firmly on a mount. Hz. Peygamber explicitly permitted it.
Sheikh Ibn Baz stated that the key condition is permanent inability. A person who is temporarily ill, temporarily financially constrained, or simply unable to travel this particular year should wait until they are able. Proxy Hac is not a convenience measure — it is a concession for genuine, permanent incapacity. He also clarified that the living person should fund the proxy's Hac from their own wealth.
Sheikh Al-Fawzan addressed the question of what happens if the person unexpectedly recovers after proxy Hac has been performed. The majority of scholars hold that the proxy Hac is valid and the person does not need to perform Hac again, because the obligation was fulfilled through the proxy. The Maliki school, however, holds that if the person recovers and becomes able to perform Hac, they should perform it themselves, and the proxy Hac becomes voluntary. Sheikh Al-Fawzan sunnet following the majority position that the proxy Hac fulfills the obligation.
A woman from Khath'am said: 'O Messenger of Allah, the obligation of Hac has become due on my father, but he is an old man who cannot sit firmly on the riding animal. Shall I perform Hac on his behalf?' He said: 'Yes.'
A woman from Khath'am said: 'O Messenger of Allah, the obligation of Hac has become due on my father, but he is an old man who cannot sit firmly on the riding animal. Shall I perform Hac on his behalf?' He said: 'Yes.'
Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) heard a man saying: 'Labbayk on behalf of Shubrumah.' He said: 'Have you performed Hac for yourself?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Perform Hac for yourself first, then for Shubrumah.'
Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) heard a man saying: 'Labbayk on behalf of Shubrumah.' He said: 'Have you performed Hac for yourself?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Perform Hac for yourself first, then for Shubrumah.'
Scholars from different schools of Islamic jurisprudence offer varying perspectives on this matter.
Proxy Hac for a living person is valid when the incapacity is permanent. The living person must appoint the proxy themselves. If they recover, they do not need to perform Hac again.
Al-Hidayah: proxy Hac is valid for permanent incapacity based on the hadith of Khath'am.
The Maliki school permits proxy Hac for the living but is more restrictive. If the person recovers, they should perform Hac themselves. The proxy Hac becomes voluntary in that case.
Al-Mudawwanah: if the person recovers, the obligation reverts to personal performance.
Proxy Hac for a permanently incapacitated living person is valid and fulfills the obligation. The person does not need to repeat it even if they recover.
Al-Majmu' by al-Nawawi: proxy Hac discharges the obligation for the permanently unable.
Proxy Hac is valid for the permanently unable living person. If they recover, the majority Hanbali position is that they do not need to perform Hac again.
Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah: the proxy Hac fulfills the obligation for the permanently incapacitated.
This is a scholarly summary, not a personal fatwa. Consult your scholar for personal rulings.
A woman from Khath'am said: 'O Messenger of Allah, the obligation of Hac has become due on my father, but he is an old man who cannot sit firmly on the riding animal. Shall I perform Hac on his behalf?' He said: 'Yes.'
Sahih al-Bukhari #1513 (sahih)Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) heard a man saying: 'Labbayk on behalf of Shubrumah.' He said: 'Have you performed Hac for yourself?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Perform Hac for yourself first, then for Shubrumah.'
Sunan Abu Dawud #1811 (sahih)