The majority of scholars say حج must be performed immediately when able — delaying without valid reason is sinful; the Shafi'i school permits delay but recommends haste.
There is a scholarly difference of opinion on whether حج must be performed immediately once the conditions of obligation are met. The majority position (held by the Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali schools) is that حج is an immediate obligation (wajib ala al-fawr) — once a person has the financial means, physical health, and safe passage, they must perform it at the earliest opportunity. Delaying without a valid excuse is considered sinful according to this majority view.
The Shafi'i school takes a slightly different position, holding that حج is an obligation that may be fulfilled at any point during one's lifetime (wajib ala al-tarahi), though performing it sooner is preferred and مستحب. However, even Shafi'i scholars caution against excessive delay due to the uncertainty of life. نبی کریم (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) said: 'Hasten to perform حج (meaning the واجب حج), for none of you knows what may happen to them' (Ahmad, with a sound chain). Valid reasons for delay include genuine illness, unsafe travel conditions, legal visa restrictions, and unresolved financial obligations.
Source: Musnad Ahmad; al-Nawawi, al-Majmu'; Ibn Qudamah, al-Mughni; al-Kasani, Bada'i al-Sana'i