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| Arabic | صوم |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | SAWM |
| Etymology | From Arabic صوم (sawm), derived from the root ص-و-م (sa-wa-ma, 'to abstain/refrain'). The related word siyam is also used. The term encompasses abstaining from physical and spiritual impurities. |
Sawm(صوم) Islamic fasting, which involves abstaining from all food, drink, and marital relations from the break of dawn until sunset. It is the fourth pillar of Islam, واجب during the month of Ramadan.
صوم
Sawm was prescribed in the second year of Hijrah and is واجب for every sane, adult Muslim during Ramadan. The قرآن states: 'O you who believe, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may attain taqwa (God-consciousness)' (2:183). Beyond Ramadan, voluntary fasting is highly مستحب on days like Mondays and Thursdays, the 13th-14th-15th of each lunar month, and the Day of عرفات (9th Dhul Hijjah) for non-حجاج. In the حج context, sawm plays several roles: fasting on the Day of عرفات is مستحب for non-حجاج but disliked for حجاج performing حج (to maintain strength); fasting is prohibited on Eid al-Adha (10th Dhul Hijjah) and the Days of Tashreeq (11th-13th); and fasting three days can serve as a substitute for certain penalties (dam/fidyah) when a حاجی cannot afford the sacrifice.
From Arabic صوم (sawm), derived from the root ص-و-م (sa-wa-ma, 'to abstain/refrain'). The related word siyam is also used. The term encompasses abstaining from physical and spiritual impurities.
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