When is a dam (blood sacrifice penalty) required during حج?

A dam (sacrificial sheep) is واجب in several cases during حج: (1) For performing حج Tamattu' or Qiran — a hady of gratitude. (2) For missing a wajib (واجب act) of حج, such as: entering احرام from beyond the miqat, leaving عرفات before sunset, missing the overnight stay at مزدلفہ or منیٰ, or omitting the farewell طواف. (3) For committing a prohibited act of احرام, such as: shaving the head, cutting nails, wearing perfume, wearing stitched clothes (men), or covering the head (men). The dam consists of slaughtering a sheep that meets the criteria for sacrifice (at least 6 months old for a lamb, one year for a goat). If the حاجی cannot afford it, he fasts 3 days during حج and 7 after returning home, based on the verse: 'If he cannot find [a sacrifice], then a fast of three days during حج and seven when you have returned — those are ten complete days' (Al-Baqarah 2:196). Sheikh Ibn Baz stated: 'Every obligation left without excuse requires a dam' (Fatawa Ibn Baz, vol. 16).