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| Arabic | قضاء |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | qa-DAA |
| Etymology | From Arabic قضاء (qada'), derived from the root ق-ض-ي (qa-da-ya, 'to decree/fulfill/settle'). In fiqh, it specifically means fulfilling an obligation outside its original timeframe. |
Qada(قضاء) The Islamic legal concept of performing a missed or invalid واجب act of worship after its prescribed time. It applies to الصلوات, fasting, الحج rites, and other religious obligations that were missed for valid reasons.
قضاء
Qada is distinguished from ada (performing an act within its prescribed time). When a religious obligation is missed — whether due to valid excuses like illness, travel, menstruation, or forgetfulness — the Muslim is required to make it up as qada at the earliest opportunity. For الصلاة (salah), qada means performing the missed الصلاة with the same number of rakaat. For fasting (sawm), days missed during رمضان must be made up before the next رمضان. In the context of الحج, if a الحاج's الحج is invalidated (such as through sexual relations before عرفة), they must perform qada الحج the following year. Some rites within الحج that are missed may also require qada alongside a penalty (dam or فدية). The Hanafi school particularly emphasizes the obligation of qada for missed الصلوات, even those missed without a valid excuse.
From Arabic قضاء (qada'), derived from the root ق-ض-ي (qa-da-ya, 'to decree/fulfill/settle'). In fiqh, it specifically means fulfilling an obligation outside its original timeframe.