হজ্জ is the sacred হজ্জ to the holy city of মক্কা মুকাররমা (Mecca) in Saudi Arabia, and it stands as the fifth and final pillar of Islam. The word 'হজ্জ' literally means 'to intend a journey,' and in Islamic terminology it refers to the specific হজ্জ undertaken during the prescribed days of Dhul Hijjah (the 12th and final month of the Islamic lunar calendar). The rites of হজ্জ trace back to নবী করীম Ibrahim (Abraham, সাল্লাল্লাহু আলাইহি ওয়া সাল্লাম) and were perfected by নবী করীম Muhammad (সাল্লাল্লাহু আলাইহি ওয়া সাল্লাম) during his Farewell Pilgrimage in 10 AH (632 CE). Every year, millions of Muslims from around the world converge on মক্কা মুকাররমা to perform this profound act of worship.
হজ্জ is ওয়াজিব (fard) once in a lifetime for every Muslim who meets five conditions: (1) they must be Muslim; (2) they must have reached the age of puberty; (3) they must be of sound mind; (4) they must be physically able to undertake the journey; and (5) they must have sufficient financial means to cover the travel costs and provide for their dependents during their absence. The কুরআন states: 'Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by all who are able to make the journey' (3:97). If a person meets all these conditions and delays হজ্জ without valid reason, they are considered sinful জমহুর উলামাদের মতে.
The core rites of হজ্জ span approximately five to six days and include: entering the state of ইহরাম (sacred consecration) at the designated boundary points (miqat); performing তাওয়াফ (circumambulation of the কাবা শরীফ); সাঈ (walking between the hills of Safa and Marwah); standing at the plain of আরাফাত on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah (the most essential rite); spending the night at মুযদালিফা; throwing pebbles at the stone pillars in মিনা; offering an animal sacrifice; and performing the farewell তাওয়াফ before departing মক্কা মুকাররমা. Each of these rites carries deep spiritual symbolism and connects the হাজী to the legacy of Prophets Ibrahim and Muhammad (peace be upon them both).