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| Arabic | قضاء |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | qa-DAA |
| Etymology | From Arabic قضاء (qada'), derived from the root ق-ض-ي (qa-da-ya, 'to decree/fulfill/settle'). In fiqh, it specifically means fulfilling an obligation outside its original timeframe. |
Qada(قضاء) The Islamic legal concept of performing a missed or invalid farz act of worship after its prescribed time. It applies to namazs, fasting, Hac rites, and other religious obligations that were missed for valid reasons.
قضاء
Qada is distinguished from ada (performing an act within its prescribed time). When a religious obligation is missed — whether due to valid excuses like illness, travel, menstruation, or forgetfulness — the Muslim is required to make it up as qada at the earliest opportunity. For namaz (salah), qada means performing the missed namaz with the same number of rakaat. For fasting (sawm), days missed during Ramadan must be made up before the next Ramadan. In the context of Hac, if a haci's Hac is invalidated (such as through sexual relations before Arafat), they must perform qada Hac the following year. Some rites within Hac that are missed may also require qada alongside a penalty (dam or fidyah). The Hanafi school particularly emphasizes the obligation of qada for missed namazs, even those missed without a valid excuse.
From Arabic قضاء (qada'), derived from the root ق-ض-ي (qa-da-ya, 'to decree/fulfill/settle'). In fiqh, it specifically means fulfilling an obligation outside its original timeframe.