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Hac consists of entering ihram at the miqat, performing tavaf al-qudum upon arriving in Mekke, sa'i between Safa and Marwa, standing at Arafat on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, spending the night at Muzdelife, stoning Cemerat al-Aqaba, offering the sacrifice, shaving the head, performing tavaf al-ifadah, and completing the days of tashreeq with stoning and overnight stays at Mina.
Before departing for Hac, the haci must fulfill prerequisites: Islam, sanity, puberty, physical and financial ability, and for women, a mahram (male guardian) or safe companionship alimlerin cogunluguna gore. The haci must repent from all sins, settle debts, write a will, and learn the essential rites. There are three types of Hac: Tamattu' (Umre first, then Hac — sunnet by Hz. Peygamber, sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem, for those not bringing a sacrificial animal), Qiran (Umre and Hac combined in one ihram), and Ifrad (Hac only, no Umre). Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) said: 'If I were to do it again, I would not have brought a sacrificial animal, and I would have made it an Umre' (Sahih al-Bukhari, 1651). Sheikh Ibn Baz sunnet Tamattu' as the best type for most hacilar.
Upon reaching the designated miqat boundary, perform gusul, wear the ihram garments (two white unstitched cloths for men; modest regular clothing for women), and make the intention for Hac. For Tamattu', first make the intention for Umre: 'Labbayk Allahumma Umratan' — perform Umre, exit ihram, then re-enter ihram for Hac on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah. For Qiran, say: 'Labbayk Allahumma Hajjan wa Umratan.' For Ifrad, say: 'Labbayk Allahumma Hajjan.' Then begin reciting the Telbiye. The five miqat points were designated by Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) as narrated by Ibn Abbas in Sahih al-Bukhari (1524) and Sahih Muslim (1181).
These are the most frequent errors pilgrims make during this stage of Hajj.
Scholarly references supporting this guidance from established Islamic sources.
Upon arriving in Mekke, proceed to Mescid-i Haram and perform Tavaf al-Qudum (the arrival tavaf). This consists of 7 circuits around the Kabe beginning and ending at the Hacer-ul Esved. Keep the Kabe on your left. Men perform Raml (brisk walking) in the first 3 circuits and Idtiba' (exposing the right shoulder) throughout all 7 circuits. At the Hacer-ul Esved, say 'Bismillah, Allahu Akbar' and either kiss it, touch it, or point toward it from a distance. Between the Yemeni Corner and the Hacer-ul Esved, recite: 'Rabbana atina fi al-dunya hasanah wa fi al-akhirati hasanah wa qina adhab al-nar' (Al-Baqarah 2:201). After tavaf, pray 2 rak'at behind Maqam Ibrahim, then drink Zamzam water.
After completing tavaf, proceed to the hill of Safa. Upon reaching Safa, face the Kabe and recite: 'Indeed, Safa and Marwa are among the symbols of Allah' (Al-Baqarah 2:158), then say 'Abda'u bima bada'Allahu bihi' (I begin with what Allah began with). Make takbir, tahlil, and dua three times. Walk to Marwa — this is lap 1. At Marwa, face the Kabe and repeat the dua. Walk back to Safa — this is lap 2. Complete 7 laps ending at Marwa. Men jog between the green markers. Say is a rukn (pillar) of Hac according to the majority, meaning it cannot be compensated by fidyah — it must be performed. Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) said: 'Perform sa'i, for Allah has prescribed sa'i for you' (Musnad Ahmad, 27394, authenticated by al-Albani).
The Day of Arafat is the greatest day of Hac. Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) said: 'Hac is Arafat' (Sunan al-Nasa'i, 3016, authenticated by al-Albani). On the morning of the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, travel from Mina to the plain of Arafat after sunrise. The time of standing at Arafat begins at noon (zawal) and extends until Fajr of the 10th. Pray Dhuhr and Asr combined and shortened (2 rak'at each) at the time of Dhuhr, with one adhan and two iqamahs. Spend the rest of the day in dua, dhikr, and istighfar. Face the Qiblah, raise your hands, and supplicate with humility and hope. This is the best day for dua — Allah descends to the lowest heaven and boasts of the hacilar to the angels. The best dua of Arafat is: 'La ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lah, lahul mulku wa lahul hamdu wa huwa ala kulli shay'in qadir.'
After sunset on the Day of Arafat, depart for Muzdelife calmly and with dignity. Upon arriving, pray Maghrib and Isha combined (Maghrib 3 rak'at, Isha shortened to 2 rak'at), with one adhan and two iqamahs. This combination is established in the Sunnah — Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) did not pray any nafl namazs between them (Sahih al-Bukhari, 1673). Spend the night at Muzdelife — this overnight stay is wajib (farz) alimlerin cogunluguna gore. Collect pebbles for the stoning (7 pebbles for the 10th, or 49/70 total for all days). Pray Fajr at its earliest time, then make dua facing the Qiblah until the sky brightens. Depart before sunrise toward Mina.
The 10th of Dhul Hijjah is the Day of Sacrifice (Yawm al-Nahr), the busiest day of Hac with multiple rites. The Sunnah order is: (1) Stone Cemerat al-Aqaba (the large pillar) with 7 pebbles, saying 'Allahu Akbar' with each throw. Stop the Telbiye upon the first throw. (2) Offer the sacrificial animal (hady) — farz for Tamattu' and Qiran hacilar. (3) Shave the head (halq, preferable) or trim (taqsir). After shaving, the first tahallul (partial release) occurs — all ihram restrictions are lifted EXCEPT sexual relations. (4) Perform Tavaf al-Ifadah (the tavaf of Hac, a rukn/pillar) and sa'i (if not done earlier). After tavaf al-ifadah, the second tahallul occurs and ALL restrictions are lifted. Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) was flexible about the order of these acts on this day (Sahih al-Bukhari, 83).
The days of Tashreeq are the 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhul Hijjah. On each day, stone all three Cemerat in order: small (7 pebbles), middle (7 pebbles), large (7 pebbles) — 21 pebbles per day. The stoning time begins after zawal (noon). After stoning the small and middle pillars, stop and make dua facing the Qiblah. After the large pillar, leave without stopping for dua. Spend the nights at Mina — this is wajib. A haci may leave on the 12th after stoning if he wishes (this is called al-nufur al-awwal, the first departure), as Allah says: 'Whoever hastens in two days, there is no sin on him' (Al-Baqarah 2:203). Before leaving Mekke, perform Tavaf al-Wida' (the farewell tavaf) — this is wajib for all hacilar except menstruating women. Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) said: 'Let none of you depart until the last thing he does is tavaf around the House' (Sahih Muslim, 1327).