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طريق حجة الوداع
The Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) took place in 10 AH (632 CE). Setting out from مدینہ منورہ with over 100,000 Muslims, نبی کریم entered احرام at Dhul Hulayfah and performed every حج rite, instructing the ummah: 'Take your rituals from me.' His Farewell Sermon at عرفات addressed human rights, equality, and the completion of Islam.
In Dhul Qi'dah 10 AH, نبی کریم (PBUH) announced his intention to perform حج. Over 100,000 Muslims joined him from across Arabia. He entered احرام at Dhul Hulayfah, arrived in مکہ مکرمہ, performed طواف and sa'i, then proceeded to منیٰ on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah. On the 9th, he stood at عرفات and delivered his Farewell Sermon, addressing the sanctity of life, property, and honor, women's rights, abolition of riba (usury), and racial equality. He performed every rite of حج methodically, saying 'Take your rituals from me, for I do not know if I will perform حج again after this year.' He passed away approximately 80 days later.
The Farewell Pilgrimage is the definitive model for all حج rituals. نبی کریم's instruction 'Take your rituals from me' established every step of حج as it is performed today. The Farewell Sermon is considered one of the greatest speeches in history, establishing principles of human rights and equality. It was during this حج that the verse 'Today I have perfected for you your religion' (5:3) was revealed.
The Farewell Pilgrimage route follows the standard حج route that millions retrace annually: مدینہ منورہ to Dhul Hulayfah (احرام), مکہ مکرمہ (طواف, sa'i), منیٰ (8th), عرفات (9th), مزدلفہ (night of 10th), منیٰ (stoning and sacrifice, 10th-13th), and back to مکہ مکرمہ (farewell طواف). Every حج حاجی essentially follows this same route. Understanding the prophetic حج enriches every step of the modern حج. Read about the Farewell حج before departing to understand the significance of each location.