The Arafat sermon is one of the most symbolically important events of the Hajj, connecting modern pilgrims to the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) Farewell Sermon (Khutbat al-Wada') delivered in the same location in 10 AH (632 CE). In that historic address, the Prophet proclaimed the equality of all humans regardless of race, the sanctity of life and property, the abolition of pre-Islamic injustices, the rights of women, and the importance of holding fast to the Quran and Sunnah. He concluded by asking the gathering to bear witness that he had conveyed the message.
Today, the Hajj sermon is delivered at Masjid al-Namirah by a senior Saudi scholar appointed by the government. It is given after the sun passes its zenith on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, before the combined Dhuhr-Asr prayer. The sermon typically addresses contemporary Muslim concerns while echoing the timeless themes of the Farewell Sermon. It is broadcast via loudspeakers across the entire Arafat plain and televised globally.
While the sermon is a Sunnah and attending it is recommended, pilgrims should note that the actual pillar (rukn) of Hajj is the wuquf — standing anywhere within the boundaries of Arafat during the designated time period. A pilgrim who misses the sermon but stands at Arafat has fulfilled the pillar. Conversely, someone who attends the sermon in the front portion of Masjid al-Namirah (which is technically in Uranah, outside Arafat boundaries) must ensure they move into Arafat proper after the prayer.