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| Arabic | فَرْض |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | FARD |
| Etymology | From the Arabic root ف-ر-ض (f-r-d), meaning to ordain, to make obligatory, or to cut/notch. Fard literally means 'that which has been decreed' or 'an ordained duty,' conveying the sense of something firmly established and inescapable. |
Fard(فَرْض) Fard is an obligatory religious duty in Islam, commanded by Allah. In the context of Hajj, Fard acts (also called Arkan/pillars) are essential rites without which the pilgrimage is invalid.
فَرْض
Fard represents the highest level of obligation in Islamic jurisprudence. An act classified as Fard must be performed, and its omission is sinful unless there is a valid excuse recognized by Shariah. In Hajj, the Fard acts (called Arkan or pillars) are those without which the Hajj is completely invalid and cannot be rectified by a penalty sacrifice. The Arkan of Hajj according to the majority of scholars are: Ihram (entering the sacred state with intention), Wuquf at Arafat (standing at Arafat on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah), Tawaf al-Ifadah (the essential circumambulation), and Sa'i between Safa and Marwa. The Hanafi school distinguishes between Fard (established by definitive evidence from the Quran) and Wajib (established by strong but secondary evidence), while the other three schools generally treat Fard and Wajib as synonymous. This distinction has practical implications: in the Hanafi school, missing a Wajib can be compensated with Dam, while missing a Fard invalidates the act entirely.
From the Arabic root ف-ر-ض (f-r-d), meaning to ordain, to make obligatory, or to cut/notch. Fard literally means 'that which has been decreed' or 'an ordained duty,' conveying the sense of something firmly established and inescapable.
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