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طريق فتح مكة
The Conquest of Makkah (Fath Makkah) occurred in Ramadan 8 AH (January 630 CE) when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) entered Makkah with 10,000 Muslims. The army approached from multiple directions. The Prophet entered humbly, head bowed on his mount, and declared a general amnesty. He entered the Kaaba, destroyed the 360 idols, and declared 'Truth has come and falsehood has vanished.'
After the Quraysh violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah by attacking the Banu Khuza'ah (Muslim allies), the Prophet (PBUH) marched on Makkah with 10,000 Muslims in Ramadan 8 AH. The army entered from multiple passes to surround the city. Abu Sufyan accepted Islam after meeting the army outside the city. The conquest was largely bloodless, with only minor skirmishes. The Prophet entered Makkah on his she-camel, his head bowed in humility, reciting Surah Al-Fath. He proceeded to the Kaaba, performed tawaf, ordered the 360 idols destroyed, and declared a general amnesty, forgiving the Makkans who had persecuted Muslims for years.
The Conquest of Makkah is one of the most significant events in Islamic history. It returned the Kaaba to monotheistic worship, fulfilled the Quranic promise of return to the Sacred Mosque, and demonstrated the Prophet's extraordinary character through his declaration of general amnesty. The humility with which he entered — head bowed, giving praise to Allah — became a model of graciousness in victory.
The route of the conquest followed the valleys and mountain passes surrounding Makkah. Key points include the area of Marr az-Zahran (now Wadi Fatimah area) where the army camped before entering, and the various passes through which the divisions entered. These locations are now part of the modern urban landscape of greater Makkah and are not marked as tourist sites. Understanding the conquest geography enriches one's appreciation of Makkan topography. Historical texts and guided tours can help identify the approximate routes.