Is a separate fidyah required for each ihram violation, or does one fidyah cover multiple violations?

The ruling on multiple ihram violations depends on whether the violations are of the same type or different types. Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen explained this with clear principles:

For multiple violations of the same type — such as applying perfume on several occasions, or cutting hair at different times — the majority of scholars hold that if the pilgrim did not pay a fidyah between the occurrences, one fidyah suffices for all instances. This is because the violations are of the same nature and are treated as a single continuous violation. However, if the pilgrim paid the fidyah for the first violation and then committed the same violation again, a new fidyah is required for the repeated violation.

For violations of different types — such as cutting hair (one type), using perfume (another type), and covering the head (a third type) — the majority of scholars require a separate fidyah for each type of violation. This is the position of the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools and is followed by Ibn Baz and Ibn Uthaymeen. Each type of prohibition carries its own independent fidyah, and they do not consolidate.

The Hanafi school takes a more consolidated approach in some cases, holding that if the violations were committed at the same time or in close succession, they may be covered by a single fidyah. The Permanent Committee generally followed the majority position of requiring separate fidyah for different types of violations. Al-Fawzan noted that this is an area where consulting a knowledgeable scholar about one's specific situation is particularly important, as the details can significantly affect the ruling.