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| Arabic | قضاء |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | qa-DAA |
| Etymology | From Arabic قضاء (qada'), derived from the root ق-ض-ي (qa-da-ya, 'to decree/fulfill/settle'). In fiqh, it specifically means fulfilling an obligation outside its original timeframe. |
Qada(قضاء) The Islamic legal concept of performing a missed or invalid obligatory act of worship after its prescribed time. It applies to prayers, fasting, Hajj rites, and other religious obligations that were missed for valid reasons.
قضاء
Qada is distinguished from ada (performing an act within its prescribed time). When a religious obligation is missed — whether due to valid excuses like illness, travel, menstruation, or forgetfulness — the Muslim is required to make it up as qada at the earliest opportunity. For prayer (salah), qada means performing the missed prayer with the same number of rakaat. For fasting (sawm), days missed during Ramadan must be made up before the next Ramadan. In the context of Hajj, if a pilgrim's Hajj is invalidated (such as through sexual relations before Arafat), they must perform qada Hajj the following year. Some rites within Hajj that are missed may also require qada alongside a penalty (dam or fidyah). The Hanafi school particularly emphasizes the obligation of qada for missed prayers, even those missed without a valid excuse.
From Arabic قضاء (qada'), derived from the root ق-ض-ي (qa-da-ya, 'to decree/fulfill/settle'). In fiqh, it specifically means fulfilling an obligation outside its original timeframe.
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