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Tawaf al-Qudum is the arrival (greeting) tawaf performed upon first reaching Makkah, specifically for those performing Hajj Ifrad or Hajj Qiran. For Hajj Tamattu pilgrims, their Umrah tawaf takes its place. It is sunnah (recommended) not wajib, so missing it incurs no penalty. The tawaf consists of 7 circuits around the Kaaba starting from the Black Stone corner, with idtiba and raml in the first three circuits for men.
Upon entering Masjid al-Haram, stop the Talbiyah (for Umrah; continue for Hajj Ifrad/Qiran). The first sight of the Kaaba is one of the most emotional moments. Make dua upon seeing the Kaaba, then prepare for tawaf by ensuring you have wudu.
Men should perform idtiba: place the middle of the rida (upper ihram garment) under the right armpit, exposing the right shoulder, and drape both ends over the left shoulder. This is only done during this tawaf, not during prayers. Women do not perform idtiba.
These are the most frequent errors pilgrims make during this stage of Hajj.
Scholarly references supporting this guidance from established Islamic sources.
Face the Black Stone and make the intention for tawaf. If possible, touch the Black Stone with your right hand and kiss it. If the crowd is too dense, touch it and kiss your hand. If even that is not possible, simply point toward it with your right hand and say 'Bismillah, Allahu Akbar.' Begin the first circuit with the Kaaba on your left side.
Walk counterclockwise around the Kaaba, keeping it on your left. In the first three circuits, men should perform raml: walking briskly with short steps. The last four circuits are walked at a normal pace. During tawaf, make any dua, dhikr, or Quran recitation. Between the Yemeni Corner and the Black Stone, the sunnah dua is: 'Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanah wa fil-akhirati hasanah waqina adhab al-nar.'
After completing seven circuits, pray two rak'at behind Maqam Ibrahim (the Station of Ibrahim) if space permits. Recite Surah al-Kafirun in the first rak'ah and Surah al-Ikhlas in the second. If the area is too crowded, these two rak'at may be prayed anywhere in the mosque. Cover both shoulders before praying.
After praying, proceed to drink Zamzam water. Face the Qibla while drinking, say Bismillah, drink in three sips, and make dua — the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'The water of Zamzam is for whatever it is drunk for.' Then proceed to Sa'i if performing Umrah or if you intend to perform Sa'i at this point for Hajj.